Faces Of The Diamond - Essay O :: essays research papers

Faces of the Diamond - Essay on The Diamond as big as the RitzDiamond was designed utterly for my own amusement. I was in a mood characterized by a perfect craving for luxury, and the story began as an attempt to feed that craving on imaginary foods. Craving is a strong, urgent and persistent desire. According to Buddhist teachings, desire is the root to all the sufferings and injustices in the world. If it were the goal of manhood to abandon their desires for excessive needs, the world would be a peaceful and harmonious place. Throughout history, there had also been great prophets such as Isaiah and other outstanding preachers who made daring attempts to convert and lead mankind back to the Lord, our God. However, their words of wisdom fell upon deaf ears for evilness can be very seductive. With a similar task to those of the prophets and preachers, the author F. Scott Fitzgerald, also cognise as the poet of the Jazz Age, criticizes the American society in a different approach. By stressing and emphasizing on the societys worst features, the faults of its members will be greatly magnified and clearly defined. This literary genre of satire is employed by Fitzgerald in his novelette, the Diamond as Big as the Ritz to ridicule the American society on the terms of the corruption of the American dream, the maltreatment of human life and the limits to the function of wealth.Before the dawning of the Jazz Age, the American dream stood for strenuous work, h unitysty, virtue, and morality, as any individual of the society is able to achieve success and rise to a higher level of material living regardless of ones origin. As time proceeded, Americans began to strive for their goal through underhanded tactics thus corrupting the main principles of the utopian dream. Hence, the American dream has instantaneously become a satirical term that is known for crime, deceit, stealing, and killing. The Diamond as Big as the Ritz features Braddock Tarleton Washington, the ri chest man on Earth, as one who rises to ultimate power without having to work for it. Born a direct descendent of George Washington, Braddock only takes care to protect his prized possession, the worlds biggest diamond rivaling in size with the Ritz-Carlton Hotel. His task is good accomplished by simply killing and imprisoning those who accidentally stumble upon his property and learn of his secret possession.

Exploring Birds Article, College is a Waste of Time and Money Essay

Exploring Birds Article, College is a Waste of Time and coinIn the article College is a Waste of Time and Money, Caroline Bird explains why higher education may non be the best choice for high school graduates. Bird writes that students do not attend college because they want to, but because of what others expect. College is merely the trend in todays society. It is an escape from the real world. Students may be shuffled into a system that is neither financially nor academically beneficial.During the first part of the article the author writes that colleges use techniques to sell themselves to students just like any other product on the market. They advertise what they have to allow and tell students what they want to hear. Students choose a school because of recreational facilities, social reputation, or by what they have heard about the academic expectations. Students do not have the money to go to college in the first place, then they end up being unhappy when they get there. A feeling of sadness exists in colleges around the country. Students do not feel of sense o...

Should Quebec (or Other Provinces) Separate From Canada In Order To Be

Should Quebec (or other provinces) Separate From Canada In Order To Best ProtectIts Constitutional Rights?In my opinion, all provinces in Canada, including Quebec should notseparate. Quebec has been one of the provinces of Canada for a long period oftime. Most people in the world view that it is one of the component in Canada.French-Canadian and English-Canadian seem to live together peacefully withoutconflict, however many people with different cultures and languages come to Canadain recent years. I thick Quebec has no reason to become independence from amulticultural nation. whatsoever people who agree Quebec to separate state that separation can protecttheir French culture and language. I think it is an unacceptable reason in amulticultural nation. Multicultualism is a special identity of Canada. Itallows people to maintain their own culture. If Canada does not havemulticulturalism, there will be no Chinatown in close big cities in Canada. So itis not necessary to separate in o rder to protect French culture and language.Furthermore if French-Canadian wants to avoid any bend from other culture,France is the greatest place for them.Moreover, the Canada government will lose money if Quebec separates bydealing with the separation affairs, like to help people in Quebec keister toCanada who do not want to separate. Separation also leads to the decreasing oftrade in Canada, and even the whole world. Quebec is a big trade market inCanada. People will lose this big...

Siddhartha Essay: Physical, Mental, and Spiritual Journeys

Physical, Mental, and Spiritual Journeys in Siddhartha In Hesses novel, Siddhartha the title character, Siddhartha get offs the Brahmins in search of Nirvana - spiritual peace. The journey he endures focuses on two main goals - to find peace and the right path (http//www.ic.ucsb.edu/ggotts/hesse/life/jennifer/html). Joseph Mileck, the author of Hermann Hesse Life and Art, asserts that Siddhartha focuses on a sense of unity developed through Siddharthas mind, body, and soul (Baumer). Hesses Siddhartha revolves around three central journeys - a carnal, a mental, and a spiritual journey. Siddharthas journey begins with his physical journey. This journey begins in Siddharthas hometown. At home, Siddhartha focuses his religious involvement in Brahmin rituals. These rituals do not allow him to reach Nirvana so he decides to leave his village and follow the teachings of the Samanas. The Samanas are men who believe that temporary life is only an illusion, and they practice extreme sel f-denial and meditation (Welch 58). Siddharthas journey with the Samanas begins as he pulls himself away from the structure of everyday life. However, Siddhartha finds this life to be unfulfilling and wasteful. When Siddhartha decides to leave the Samanas, he hypnotizes the leader in order to convince him to let Siddhartha move away (http//www.imsa.edu/trasched/siddhartha/phys.html). Eventually, Siddhartha decides to fire the teachings of Buddha. However, this lifestyle leaves him unsatisfied as well. Even though Siddhartha decides not to follow the teachings of Buddha, he says, I have seen one man, one man only, before whom I must lower my eyes. I will never lower my eyes before any other man. No o... ...ted Aver, Linda. http//splavc.spjc.cc.fl.us/hooks/ew/AverSidd.html. Baumer, Franz. Hermann Hesse. United States, 1969. Cliffs Notes. Hesses Steppenwolf and Siddhartha. Nebraska, 1973. Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. capital of Delaware Publications, 1998. http//www.imsa.edu/trasc hed/siddhartha/ment.html. http//www.imsa.edu/trasched/siddhartha/phys.html. http//www.imsa.edu/trasched/siddharthat/spirit.html. Smith, Sheila. Siddharthas Journey. http//splavc.spjc.cc.fl.us/hooks/ew/SmithSidd.html. Sobel, J and HHP. Form, Style, and Content in Siddhartha.. http//www.ic.ucsb.edu/ggotts/hess/wroks/jensid.html. Sobel, J and HHP. Hermann Hesse. http//www.ic.ucsb.edu/ggotts/hesse/life/jennifer.html. The Nobel Foundation. Autobiography of Hermann Hesse.. http//www.nobel.se/laureates/literature-1946-1-autobio.html.

The 1945 Truman Proclamation relating to the right to explore and explo

September 28, 1945 marked the time when the U.S. ventured in the exploitation of sea resources such as oil and gas. President Truman issued a proclamation in favour of the country to explore and exploit these minerals under United States policy (Frazier 2009, p.3). The Truman Proclamation firmly consolidated the distinction surrounded by the question of the legal regime governing fisheries resources beyond the territorial sea and the regime governing mineral resources. As far as the legal concept of the continental shelf was concerned, its principal(prenominal) characteristics were established as a natural prolongation of the states land territory (Currie, Forces & Oosterveld 2007, p.403). The Proclamation established a clear separation between the territorial sea and shelf, in which the coastal state could not ext shoemakers last its reign, but only under its jurisdiction and control. According to Byers (1999, p.91), the Truman Proclamation had been linked to the end of the social and economic needs of World War II where the development of technology in the United States began to generate national interest in geographic expedition and exploitation of off-shore oil fields. This had very signifi fagt legal implications, bearing in mind that for hundreds of years, sea resources had not been exploited under any regulation by any state. Following this proclamation, the U.S. Congress enacted legislation in 1953 in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA), which addressed the control of resource exploitation at the continental shelf by both the federal and state authorities. By so doing, the government wanted to ensure that natural resources at the coast and in the sea were exploited but in the right and legal manner. This perhaps would lead t... ...conomic fishing zone (EFZ) and 24 nm for contiguous coastal zones by the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (Currier, Forcese & Oosterveld 2007, p.404). This saw the eventual transmission of U.S. views to other parts of the world since the UN had adopted the same rectitudes. In conclusion, the regime of law on the continental shelf convention in regards to exploitation of natural resource was historically developed from President Truman Proclamation. After the US proclaimed it sovereignty to utilize seas natural resources, the country embarked on coming up with new laws that sought to ensure control of these sea portions. The Truman Proclamation can be said to have affected many legislative initiatives all over the world with regard to use of the sea subsoil and the waters in general. Most of these legal effects are still felt to hitherto.

Analysis of Cancer - The Enemy Within Essay examples -- Exploratory Es

Cancer - The Enemy Within Abstract Cancer has been known and feared since antiquity, entirely its imperative danger could only be realized until fairly recently. Indeed as knowledge of the disease grew in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, fear increased when people became more aware that around cancers had no available cure. Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells reproduce without control, destroy healthy tissue, and eventu onlyy cause deterioration to the body. This paper is a discussion on how cancer develops and pass outs, some of the respective(a) types of cancer, and the causes of the disease. Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply without control, destroy healthy tissue, and endanger life. About one hundred kinds of cancer attack human beings. This disease is a leading cause of death in many countries. In the United States and Canada, only diseases of the heart and the line of merchandise vessels kill more people. Cancer occurs in most spe cies of animals and in many kinds of plants, as well as in human beings. Cancer strikes people of all ages but especially middle-aged persons and the elderly. It occurs about equally among people of both sexes. The disease can attack any part of the body and may spread to virtually any other part. However the parts of the body which are most often affected are the skin, the female breasts, organs of the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, blood-forming, lymphatic, and urinary systems. The various cancers are classified in two ways. The primary body site, as and by the type of body tissue in which the cancer originates. They can consequently be divided further in to two main groups carcinomas and sarcomas. Carcinomas are cancers that start in epitheli... ...r are fatal. In the past, the methods of treatment gave patients little hope for recovery, but the methods of diagnosing and treating the disease have improved greatly since the 1930s. Today, about half of all cancer patients survive at least five years subsequently treatment. People who remain free of cancer that long after treatment have a good chance of remaining permanently free of the disease. further much research remains to be done to find methods of preventing and curing cancer. Bibliography Allison, Trent. Background into Medicine. New York Lincoln Press, 1982. Drummond, Phillip. Cancer. 1st ed. New York Prentice Hall Publishers, 1984 Harris, Jules E.. Cancer. cyclopedia Britannica. 1993 ed. Sipp, Warren. Encyclopedia to Cancer. New York National Academy Press,1989. Veels, Thomas. Science of Cancer. Washington DC, 1984.

Analysis of Cancer - The Enemy Within Essay examples -- Exploratory Es

malignant neoplastic disease - The Enemy Within Abstract pubic louse has been known and feared since antiquity, but its imperative danger could only be realized until fairly recently. therefore as knowledge of the disease grew in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, fear increased when people became more aware that most cancers had no available cure. Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells reproduce without control, destroy healthy tissue, and eventually cause deterioration to the body. This paper is a discussion on how cancer develops and spreads, some of the various types of cancer, and the causes of the disease. Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply without control, destroy healthy tissue, and endanger life. About 100 kinds of cancer attack gay beings. This disease is a leading cause of death in many countries. In the United States and Canada, only diseases of the heart and the blood vessels kill more people. Cancer occurs in most species of animal s and in many kinds of plants, as well as in human beings. Cancer strikes people of all ages but especially middle-aged persons and the elderly. It occurs about equally among people of both sexes. The disease can attack any part of the body and may spread to virtually any other(a) part. However the parts of the body which are most often affected are the skin, the female breasts, organs of the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, blood-forming, lymphatic, and urinary systems. The various cancers are classified in two ways. The primary body site, as and by the type of body tissue in which the cancer originates. They can thus be divided promote in to two main groups carcinomas and sarcomas. Carcinomas are cancers that start in epitheli... ...r are fatal. In the past, the methods of treatment gave patients little hope for recovery, but the methods of diagnosing and treating the disease open improved greatly since the 1930s. Today, about half of all cancer patients s urvive at least five years after treatment. People who remain unleash of cancer that long after treatment have a good chance of remaining permanently free of the disease. But much research dust to be done to find methods of preventing and curing cancer. Bibliography Allison, Trent. Background into Medicine. New York Lincoln Press, 1982. Drummond, Phillip. Cancer. 1st ed. New York Prentice Hall Publishers, 1984 Harris, Jules E.. Cancer. Encyclopedia Britannica. 1993 ed. Sipp, Warren. Encyclopedia to Cancer. New York case Academy Press,1989. Veels, Thomas. Science of Cancer. Washington DC, 1984.

Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited Essay

ITC Limited which previously stood for Imperial Tobacco caller of India Limited is an Indian conglome pose with a turnover of US $ 4.75 billion. It ranks third in pre-tax profit among Indias private sector corporations. The company has its registered way in Kolkata. The company is currently headed by Yogesh Chander Deveshwar. It employs over 20,000 people at more than 60 locations across India and is listed on Forbes 2000. The Training Centre of the company is in Munger, Bihar. ITC is similarly k presentlyn as Chatkal (especially in Munger). ITC Limited or ITC is an Indian conglomerate. Its diversified stage descent involves five segments Fast Moving Consumer Goods, Hotels, Paperboards, Paper & Packaging and Agri stock.A countrys instigants are a reflection of its competitive strengths and a manifestation of its concept and intellectual capacity. I safely believe that a countrys economic capacity is signifi discounttly meliorateed when its institutions build and own inter bailiwickly competitive brands. kind brands serve as feed market anchors to support the competitiveness of the entire value chains of which they are a part. Strong domestic brands create much coarse value since they create, capture and retain value inside the country. ITC takes justifiable pride in creating domain of a function-class Indian brands that have demonstrated immense vitality in the globose Indian market place. Y C Deveshwar, Chairman, ITC LimitedITCs brand Packaged Foods teleph unitary circuit is superstar of the fastest growing foods problemes in India, driven by the market standing and consumer franchise of its seven usual brands Aashirvaad, Sunfeast, Bingo, Kitchens of India, mint-o, Candyman and Yippee Over the past 5 categorys, the business has grown at an impressive rate faster than that of the industry. Given Indias rapid economic growth and rising disposable incomes, ITCs Branded Packaged Foods business is well-positioned to ride this boom to full robust, long-term growth. The business continues to invest in every aspect of manufacturing, distribution and marketing to ensure that it can leverage emerging opportunities and fulfill its aspiration of be the most trusted provider of Branded Packaged Foods in the country.HISTORYITC was incorporated on August 24, 1910 low the name Imperial Tobacco play on of India Limited. As the Companys ownership progressively Indianised, the name of the Company was changed from Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited to India Tobacco Company Limited in 1970 and then to I.T.C. Limited in 1974. In recognition of the Companys multi-business portfolio encompassing a wide range of businesses Fast Moving Consumer Goods comprising Foods, Personal Care, Cigarettes and Cigars, Branded Apparel, Education and letter cover Products, Incense Sticks and Safety Matches, Hotels, Paperboards & translucentive feature Papers, Packaging, Agri-Business and Information Technology the full stops in the Com panys name were removed sound September 18, 2001. The Company now stands rechristened Limited, where ITC is today no longer an acronym or an initialized form. A Modest BeginningThe Companys beginnings were humble. A leased office on Radha Bazaar Lane, Kolkata, was the centre of the Companys existence. The Company celebrated its 16th birthday on August 24, 1926, by purchasing the plot of lower situated at 37, Chowringhee, (now renamed J.L. Nehru Road) Kolkata, for thesum of Rs 310,000. This decision of the Company was historic in more ways than one. It was to mark the beginning of a long and eventful journey into Indias future. The Companys headquarter building, Virginia House, which came up on that plot of defeat two years later, would go on to become one of Kolkatas most venerated landmarks. 1925 Packaging and Printing Backward IntegrationThough the first six decades of the Companys existence were primarily devoted to the growth and desegregation of the Cigarettes and Leaf Tobac co businesses, ITCs Packaging & Printing Business was set up in 1925 as a strategic backward integration for ITCs Cigarettes business. It is today Indias most sophisticated packaging house. 1975 Entry into the Hospitality arena A Welcome MoveThe Seventies witnessed the beginnings of a corporate regeneration that would usher in momentous changes in the life of the Company. In 1975, the Company launched its Hotels business with the eruditeness of a hotel in Chennai which was rechristened ITC-Welcomgroup Hotel Chola (now renamed My Fortune, Chennai). The objective of ITCs creation into the hotels business was rooted in the concept of creating value for the nation. ITC chose the Hotels business for its potential to earn high levels of foreign exchange, create tourism infrastructure and generate large outstrip direct and indirect employment.Since then ITCs Hotels business has grown to occupy a position of leadership, with over 100 owned and managed properties spread across India un der four brands namely, ITC Hotels Luxury Collection, WelcomHotels, Fortune Hotels and WelcomHeritage. ITC Hotels recently took its first step toward international expansion with an upcoming super premium luxury hotel in Colombo, Sri Lanka. In addition, ITC Hotels also recently tied up with RP Group Hotels & Resorts to manage 5 hotels in Dubai and India under ITC Hotels 5-star WelcomHotel brand and the mid-market to upscale Fortune brand.1979 Paperboards & Specialty Papers Development of a Backward Area In 1979, ITC entered the Paperboards business by promoting ITC Bhadrachalam Paperboards Limited. Bhadrachalam Paperboards amalgamated with the Company effective March 13, 2002 and became a sectionalisation of the Company, Bhadrachalam Paperboards piece. In November 2002, this division merged with the Companys Tribeni Tissues Division to form the Paperboards & Specialty Papers Division.ITCs paperboards technology, productivity, tincture and manufacturing processes are comparable t o the best in the reality. It has also make an immense donation to the development of Sarapaka, an economically backward area in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is directly involved in education, environmental protection and community development. In 2004, ITC acquired the paperboard manufacturing mental quickness of BILT Industrial Packaging Co. Ltd (BIPCO), near Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The Kovai Unit allows ITC to improve customer service with reduced lead time and a wider product range. 1985 Nepal Subsidiary starting course of instruction Steps beyond National Borders In 1985, ITC set up Surya Tobacco Co. in Nepal as an Indo-Nepal and British joint venture. In August 2002, Surya Tobacco became a subsidiary of ITC Limited and its name was changed to Surya Nepal Private Limited (Surya Nepal).In 2004, the company diversified into manufacturing and exports of garments. 1990 Paperboards & Specialty Papers Consolidation and Expansion In 1990, ITC acquired Tribeni Tissues Limited , a Specialty paper manufacturing company and a major supplier of tissue paper to the cigarette industry. The merged entity was named the Tribeni Tissues Division (TTD). To harness strategic and operational synergies, TTD was merged with the Bhadrachalam Paperboards Division to form the Paperboards & Specialty Papers Division in November 2002. 1990 Agri Business Strengthening Farmer LinkagesAlso in 1990, leveraging its agri-sourcing competency, ITC set up the Agri Business Division for export of agri-commodities. The Division is today one of Indias largest exporters. ITCs grotesque and now widely acknowledged e-Choupal initiative began in 2000 with soya farmers in Madhya Pradesh. promptly it extends to 10 states covering over 4 meg farmers. Also, through the Choupal Pradarshan Khet initiative, the agri services vertical has been focusing on improving productivity of crops while deepening the alliance with the farming community. 2002 Education & Stationery Products Offering the Greenest products ITC launched line of premium range of notebooks under brand Paperkraft in 2002.To augment its offering and to reach a wider bookman population, the Classmate range of notebooks was launched in 2003. Classmate over the years has grown to become Indias largest notebook brand and has also increased its portfolio to occupy a greater share of the school bag. Years 2007- 2009 saw the launch of Practical Books, Drawing Books, Geometry Boxes, Pens and Pencils under the Classmate brand. In 2008, ITC positioned the business as the Education and Stationery Products Business and launched Indias first environment friendly premium business paper under the Paperkraft Brand. Paperkraft offers a diverse portfolio in the premium executive letter paper and office consumables segment. In 2010, Colour Crew was launched as a new brand of art stationery. 2000 Lifestyle retail Premium OfferingsITC also entered the Lifestyle Retailing business with the Wills Sport range of international quality relaxed wear for men and women in 2000. The Wills Lifestyle chain of exclusive stores later expanded its range to include Wills Classic formal wear (2002) and Wills Clublife evening wear (2003). ITC also initiated a foray into the democratic segment with its mens wear brand, John Players, in 2002. In 2006, Wills Lifestyle became title partner of the countrys most premier fashion event Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week that has gained recognition from buyers and retailers as the single largest B-2-B platform for the Fashion Design industry. To mark the occasion, ITC launched a special Wills Signature, taking the event forward to consumers. 2000 Information Technology Business amicable SolutionsIn 2000, ITC spun off its information technology business into a wholly owned subsidiary, ITC Infotech India Limited, to more aggressively pursue emerging opportunities in this area. Today ITC Infotech is one of Indias fastest growing global IT and IT-enabled services companies and has schematic itself as a key player in offshore outsourcing, providing outsourced IT solutions and services to leading global customers across key focus verticals Banking Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI), Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG), Retail, Manufacturing, Engineering Services, Media & Entertainment, Travel, Hospitality, Life Sciences and Transportation & Logistics. 2001 Branded Packaged Foods Delighting Millions of Households ITCs foray into the Foods business is an outstanding example of successfully blending sextuple internal competencies to create a new driver of business growth.It began in August 2001 with the introduction ofKitchens of India ready-to-eat Indian gourmet dishes. In 2002, ITC entered the confectionery and staples segments with the launch of the brands mint-o and Candyman confectionery and Aashirvaad atta (wheat flour). 2003 witnessed the introduction of Sunfeast as the Company entered the biscuits segment.ITC entered the fast growing branded snacks c ategory with Bingo in 2007. In 2010, ITC launched Sunfeast Yippee to enter the Indian instant noodles market. In just over a decade, the Foods business has grown to a significant size under seven distinctive brands, with an enviable distribution reach, a rapidly growing market share and a solid market standing. 2002 Agarbattis & Safety Matches Supporting the Small and Cottage Sector In 2002, ITCs philosophy of modify to enhancing the competitiveness of the entire value chain found yet another expression in the Safety Matches initiative. ITC now markets popular safety matches brands like iKno,Mangaldeep and Aim. ITCs foray into the marketing of Agarbattis (incense sticks) in 2003 marked the manifestation of its partnership with the bungalow sector.Mangaldeep is a highly established national brand and is available across a range of fragrances like Rose, Jasmine, Bouquet, Sandalwood and Fragrance of Temple. 2005 Personal Care Products Expert Solutions for Discerning Consumers ITC entered the Personal Care Business in 2005. In eight years, the Personal Care portfolio has grown underEssenza Di Wills, Fiama Di Wills, Vivel and Superia brands which have received encouraging consumer response and have been progressively all-embracing nationally. In May 2013, the business expanded its product portfolio with the launch of Engage one of Indias first range of couple deodorants 2010 Expanding the Tobacco PortfolioIn 2010, ITC launched its handrolled cigar, Armenteros, in the Indian market. Armenteros cigars are available exclusively at tobacco selling outlets in select hotels, fine dining restaurants and exclusive clubs.PRODUCTS & SERVICES*FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS1) CIGARETTESITC is the market leader in cigarettes in India. With its wide range of invaluable brands, ITC has a leadership position in every segment of the market. ITCs highly popular portfolio of brands includes Insignia, India Kings, Lucky Strike, Classic, Gold Flake, Navy Cut, Players, Scissors, Caps tan, Berkeley, Bristol, Flake, Silk Cut, Duke & Royal. The Company has been able to consolidate its leadership position with single minded focus on continuous value humans for consumers through significant investments in creating & bringing to market innovative product designs, maintaining consistent & superior quality, state-of-the-art manufacturing technology, & superior marketing and distribution.With consumers & consumer insights driving strategy, ITC has been able to intertwine market standing in the long-term, by developing & delivering contemporary offers relevant to the changing attitudes & aspirations of the constantly evolving consumer. ITCs pursuit of international competitiveness is reflected in its initiatives in overseas markets. In the extremely competitive US market, ITC offers high-quality, value-priced cigarettes and Roll-your-own solutions. In West Asia, ITC has become a key player in the GCC markets through its export operations. ITCs cigarettes are getd in st ate-of-the-art factories at Bengaluru, Munger, Saharanpur, Kolkata and Pune, with cutting-edge technology & excellent toy practices benchmarked to the best globally. An efficient supply-chain & distribution network reaches Indias popular brands across the length & breadth of the country. 2) FOODSTC made its entry into the branded & packaged Foods business in August 2001 with the launch of the Kitchens of India brand. A more broad-based entry has been made since June 2002 with brand launches in the Confectionery, Staples and bite Foods segments. The Foods business is today represented in 4 categories in the market. These are * Ready to Eat Foods* Staples* Confectionery* Snack FoodsIn order to assure consumers of the highest standards of food safety and hygiene, ITC is engaged in assisting outsourced manufacturers inimplementing world-class hygiene standards through HACCP certification. The unwavering commitment to internationally benchmarked quality standards enabled ITC to rapidly gain market standing in all its 6 brands * Kitchens of India* Aashirvaad* Sunfeast* Mint-o*Candyman* Bingo*Yippee2) INCENSE STICKSAs part of ITCs business strategy of creating fivefold drivers of growth in the FMCG sector, the Company commenced marketing Agarbattis (Incense Sticks) sourced from small-scale and cottage units in 2003. This Business leverages the core strengths of ITC in nation-wide distribution and marketing, brand building, supply chain attention, manufacture of high quality paperboards and the creation of innovative packaging solutions to offer Indian consumers high quality Agarbattis. With its participation in the business, ITC aims to enhance the competitiveness of the small-scale and cottage units through its complementary R&D based product development and strengths in trade marketing and distribution.The Business continues to work on versatile kindle new offerings to the consumers and is planning to launch them in the near future. In line with ITCs Triple B ottom Line philosophy of every business contributing to the nations economic, environmental and social capital, Mangaldeep agarbattis are manufactured by small scale and cottage units, providing livelihood opportunities for more than 14,000 people. Mangaldeep Agarbatti is manufactured at various centres & 5 of the manufacturing units are ISO 9000 certified.Mangaldeep ASHA (Assistance in cordial Habilitation through Agarbattis) is an ITC initiative to improve the quality of raw agarbatti production and provide infract livelihood for women rollers. ITC has also extended support to NGOs in states and like Bihar, Tripura, Tamil Nadu, who are setting up agarbatti units, training village women in rolling agarbattis and employing them in these units. ITC has signed a MoU with ORMAS (Orissa uncouth Development & Marketing Society), an autonomous body under the Pachayat Raj in Odisha. This initiative provides technical training to rural women & provides employment opportunities to over 40 00 rural women 3) STATIONERYITC made its entry to the education and stationery business with its Paperkraft brand in the premium segment in 2002 and later expanded into the popular segment with its Classmate brand in 2003. By 2007, Classmate became the largest Notebook brand in the country. Together, Classmate and Paperkraft offer a range of products in the Education & Stationery space to the astute consumer, providing unrivalled value in terms of product & price. Classmate and Paperkraft have become a natural extension of the consumer. Meticulous understanding of consumer needs helped creating a relevant and comprehensive portfolio satisfying the needs of different sets of consumers. ITC is the manufacturer of Indias first Ozone treated environment friendly Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) pulp, paper and paperboard. It blends its knowledge of image processing, printing and conversion garnered from Packaging & Printing Business with its brand building and trade marketing & distributi on strengths resident in its FMCG business to offer superior value products to consumers. Paperkraft Business paper and the papers used in Classmate and Paperkraft notebooks are superior in quality and environment-friendly. Other offerings available in education and Stationery range are safe and certified non-toxic. 4) LIFESTYLE APPARELITCs Lifestyle Retailing Business Division has established a nationwide retailing presence through its Wills Lifestyle chain of exclusive specialty stores. Wills Lifestyle, the fashion destination, offers a tempting choice of Wills Classic work wear, Wills Sport relaxed wear, Wills Club life evening wear, fashion accessories and Essenza Di Wills an exclusive range of fine fragrances and bath & body care products and Fiama Di Wills a range of premium shampoos and cascade gels. Wills Lifestyle has also introduced Wills Signature designer wear, designed by the leading designers of the country.Wills ClassicWills Classic work wear was launched in Novembe r 2002, providing the premiumconsumer a distinct product offering and a unique brand positioning.John PlayersITC forayed into the youth fashion segment with the launch of In December 2002 and John Players is committed to be the No. 1 fashion brand for the youth..* HOTELSITC Welcome group Hotels, Palaces and Resorts is Indias second largest hotel chain with over 80 hotels. Based out of Hotels Division render at the ITC Green Centre in Gurgaon, ITC Welcome group is also the exclusive franchisee of The Luxury Collection brand of Starwood Hotels and Resorts in India. ITC entered the hotels business in 1975 with the acquisition of a hotel in Chennai, which was then rechristened ITC Chola. Since then the ITC-Welcomgroup brand has become synonymous with Indian hospitality with over 90 hotels in 77 destinations.* PAPERBOARDS & SPECIALITY paperITC Bhadrachalam Paperboards Limited & ITC Tribeni Tissues Division are now under one roof Paper Boards and Specialty Papers Division. There are 4 Units under one umbrella Bhadrachalam, Tribeni, Bollarum and Kovai. ITCs Packaging & Printing Business is the countrys largest convertor of paper board into packaging. It converts over 50,000 tonnes of paper and paperboard per annum into a alteration of value-added packaging solutions for the food & beverage, personal products, cigarette, liquor, cellular phone and IT packaging industries. It has also entered the Flexibles and Corrugated Cartons business.*AGRI-BUSINESSE-ChoupalThe unique e-Choupal model creates a significant two-way multi-dimensional channel which can efficiently carry products and services into and out of rural India, whilere covering the associated costs through agri-sourcing led efficiencies. This initiative now comprises about 6500 installationscovering nearly 40,000 villages and table service over 4million farmers.Leaf TobaccoITC is the largest buyer, processor and exporter of leaf tobaccos in India creating a global benchmark as the single largest integrat ed source of quality tobaccos. service customers in 50 countries across more than 70 destinations, ITC co-creates and delivers value at every stage of the leaf tobacco value chain.Corporate strategiesITC is a board-managed captain company, committed to creating enduring value for the shareholder and for the nation. It has a rich organizational culture rooted in its core values of respect for people and belief in empowerment. Its philosophy of all-round value creation is backed by strong corporate governance policies and systems. ITCs corporate strategies areCreate multiple drivers of growth by developing a portfolio of world class businesses that best matches organizational capability with opportunities in domestic and export markets. Continue to focus on the chosen portfolio of FMCG, Hotels, Paper, Paperboards & Packaging, Agri Business and Information Technology. Benchmark the health of each business comprehensively across the criteria of Market Standing, Profitability and Inte rnal Vitality. Ensure that each of its businesses is world class and internationally competitive. Enhance the competitive power of the portfolio through synergies derived by blending the diverse skills and capabilities residing in ITC are various businesses. Create distributed leadership within the organization by nurturing talented and focused top management teams for each of the businesses. Continuously strengthen and refine Corporate cheek processes and systems to catalyze the entrepreneurial energies of management by striking the golden balance between executive freedom and the need for effective control and accountability.MARKETING STRATEGIESITC pricing strategyThe pricing of the ITC food division depends upon the Customers demand schedule, the cost function and the competitors price. The pricing of the company is such that it caters to the need of all income groups of people but special provision has been kept for scummy and middle income group, and their pricing are competi tive with respect to other players like Britannia, Parle and Brisk farm. The company follows the Going rate pricing that is the price of the product depends upon the competitors price. The warm chooses pricing more or less the same as Market leader.ITC Promotional activitiesA particular budget is allocated for the promotion of the products, the local promotion dodging is decided by the Area Sales manages, it give its suggestion to the District office and that is forwarded to the Head Quarter in Kolkata. In another promotional turning forth for Biscuits a particular number of cases is given freely to the distributors according to the amount of sale they make, this was a drop down promotion I.e. of the number of free cases that a particular distributors gets, off them ascertain part is reserved for the retailers and customer if they buy a certain level of biscuit quantity.ITC DistributionBuoyed by a strong distribution network ITC is likely to retain its market share in the cigare ttes business the ban on advertisements is likely to work in favor of ITC thank to the recall factor. The companys reliable distribution network also ensures superior inventory turnover than its peers.CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYSOCIAL motionAs a Company that continuously strives to be Citizen First, ITC attaches critical importance to its responsibility to contribute to the Triple Bottom Line, namely the augmentation of economic, ecologic and social capital. This commitment finds expression in the Companys sustainable development philosophy, which recognizes the need to not only preserve but also enrich precious environmental resources. ITCs social development initiatives harmonize the Companys endeavour to create shareholder value with qualification a pregnant contribution to society. In partnership with rural communities, ITC supports over 5 million livelihoods in India. The thrust of the Companys social sector investment is in four areas (a) Web-enablement of the Indian f armer through the e-Choupal initiative (b) Natural resource management, which includes wasteland, watershed and agriculture development (c) Sustainable livelihood creation, comprising genetic improvement in livestock productivity and womens economic empowerment and (d) Community development, with focus on primary education and health & sanitation.MILESTONES4 million farmers empowered, 6,500 e Choupals installed1,45,000 hectares greened, generating 65.67 million person days of employment 1,21,000 hectares brought under soil and moisture conservation 18,700 women members, 1,494 self help groups314 Cattle Development Centers, Animal husbandry services provided to 4,90,000 animals 3,00,000 children cover through 2,845 Supplementary Learning systems1) Initiatives taken- Lets put India firstITC is committed to a national agenda of raising agricultural productivity and making the rural economy more socially inclusive. ITC believes that the urgency and scale of these tasks make market li nked solutions and innovations more effective and sustainable than capital intensive approaches.2) Social & farm ForestryITC has helped to bring nearly 13,000 hectares of wasteland under social forestry benefiting more than 16,000 poor households in 466 villages. ITCs social forestry programme simultaneously addresses the livelihood problems of bare(a) farmers and the ecological imperative of regenerating biomass and nurturing depleted soils.3) Watershed DevelopmentITCs watershed initiatives have led to an improvement in soil and moisture regimes in that respect is more land under irrigation, water tables have risen and farmers can harvest more than one crop, making it possible to live off the land round the year.4) Agricultural DevelopmentITC offers facilitation to farmers to form agri-business societies, pool knowledge and resources, improve productivity and quality, and reach out beyond local markets to sell at better margins.5) Women EmpowermentThe confidence and skills gener ated among women by forming credit groups and managing businesses become assets to their communities.6) Livestock DevelopmentThe milk marketing co-operatives represent exemplary change in rural enterprise, away from dependence on agriculture and local markets.7) Primary EducationSchool going becomes an empowering process for the child and the community. The awareness of entitlements like education and health grows, along with a sense of the communitys responsibility.INVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEEconomic progress and long-term business sustainability are today threatened by the real and obstinate consequences of global warming and acceleratedclimate change. ITC has responded to the challenges emerging from the threat of global warming by aligning its corporate strategy with national priorities. Accordingly, in line with the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), they have adopted strategies to address climate change-related impacts and developed appropriate mitigation and adapt ation plans. Their unique approach has been to integrate these plans with their business strategies and not as separate activities.Their Strategies Include1. Identifying and evaluating climate change risks for each business. 2. Reducing the environmental impact of our processes, products and services and workings towards creating a positive environmental footprint. 3. Adopting a low carbon growth path through reduction in specific energy consumption and compound use of renewable energy sources. 4. Enlarging our carbon positive footprint through increased carbon sequestration by expanding forestry projects in wastelands. 5. Reducing specific fresh water intake and augmenting rainwater harvesting activities both on-site and off-site at watershed catchment areas. 6. Working towards minimising waste generation, maximising its reuse and recycling and using immaterial post-consumer waste as raw material in our Units. 7. Creating sustainable livelihoods and promoting sustainable agricul tural practices.Global honorsITC constantly endeavors to benchmark its products, services and processes to global standards. The Companys pursuit of excellence has earned it national and international honors. ITC is one of the eight Indian companies to figure in Forbes A-List for 2004, featuring 400 of the worlds best big companies. Forbes has also named ITC among Asias Fab 50 and the Worlds Most Reputable Companies. ITC has several firsts to its creditITC is the first from India and among the first 10 companies in the world to publish its Sustainability Report in compliance (at the highest A+ level) with the latest G3 guidelines of the Netherlands-based Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), a UN-backed, multistakeholder international initiative to develop and disseminate globally applicable Sustainability Reporting Guidelines.ITC is the first Indian company and the second in the world to win the prestigious Development Gateway Award. It win the $100,000 Award for the year 2005 for it s trailblazing ITC e-Choupal initiative which has achieved the scale of a movement in rural India. The Development Gateway Award recognizes ITCs e-Choupal as the most exemplary contribution in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for development during the last 10 years. ITC e-Choupal won the Award for the importance of its contribution to development priorities like poverty reduction, its scale and replicability, sustainability and transparency. ITC has won the inaugural World Business Award, the worldwide business award recognizing companies who have made significant efforts to create sustainable livelihood opportunities and enduring riches in developing countries.The award has been instituted jointly by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the HRH Prince of Wales International Business Leaders forum (IBLF). ITC is the first Corporate to receive the Annual FICCI Outstanding Vision Corporate Triple I mpact Award in 2007 for its invaluable contribution to the triple asshole line benchmarks of building economic, social and natural capital for the nation. ITC has won the Golden Peacock Awards for Corporate Social Responsibility (Asia) in 2007, the Award for CSR in acclivitous Economies 2005 and Excellence in Corporate Governance in the same year. These Awards have been instituted by the Institute of Directors, New Delhi, in association with the World Council for Corporate Governance and Centre for Corporate Governance. ITC Hotel Gardenia, Bangalore is the first Indian Hotel and worlds largest, to get the LEED Platinum rating the highest green building certification globally.

105 Training

1. 05 Training Principles You volition perform the Sit and Reach exercise as described in the lesson and then answer the questions below based on your experiences. Important Answer each question in the document by highlighting or bolding your answers. hold open the file as 105training. rtf. Below the file name is the field for file type. Use the drop down menu to choose Rich Text Format. This will save it with the . rtf file structure required. Submit the completed assignment for Assessment 1. 05 Training Principles. Complete each exercise below A. Reach to 0 cm mark and hold 10 secondsB. Reach to 8 cm mark and hold 15 seconds C. Reach to 15 cm mark and hold 10 seconds D. Reach to 22. 5 mark and hold 15 seconds 1. Of the four exercises attempted in the activity I was able to complete A. None of the exercises. B. Item A only C. Items A and B D. Items A, B, and C E. All of the exercises 2. Reaching to 0 cm mark and holding for 10 seconds was A. Easily done B. through C. meagerly Di fficult D. Very Difficult E. Could not yet reach 3. Reaching to 8 cm mark and holding 15 seconds was A. Easily do B. do C. Slightly Difficult D. Very Difficult E. Could not yet reach 4.Reaching to 15 cm mark and holding 10 seconds was A. Easily Done B. Done C. Slightly Difficult D. Very Difficult E. Could not yet reach 5. Reaching to 22. 5 mark and hold 15 seconds was A. Easily Done B. Done C. Slightly Difficult D. Very Difficult E. Could not yet reach Part II Principle of Overload 1. How frequently would you need to stretch if the dumbfound & reach was easily done? A. Very Often several times a week B. Often 3 times a week C. rarely once a week 2. Which of the above stretches made you work harder (had the greatest intensity)? A. 0 cm B. 8 cm C. 15 cm D. 22. 5 cm

Women and Food Security

There is a strong link between viands security, good support and grammatical gender. A gender betterwork forcet to nutrition security can enable shifts in gender power relations and assure that all people, re-gardless of gender, benefit from, and are em-powered by develop manpowert policies and practices to remedy food for thought security and nutrition.This brief gives an overview on why and how to consider gender aspects in both short-term humanitarian assistance and long-term development coopera-tion that dispense food security. Every woman, man and child has the right to ade-quate food. In far too many cases, women and girls are overrepresented among those who are food-insecure, partly because women often are denied radical human rights such as the right to own property, to find decent work, and to have an breeding and good health.Peoples overall gravel to food relies to a spacious extent on the work of unpolished women. Women comprise, in average, 43 percent of the a gricultural labour force in developing countries.1 Hence, securing womens human rights is a keystone strategy in assuring food security for all. Women are involved in a variety of agricultural operations such as crops, parentage and fish farming.They produce food and cash crops at subsistence and commercial directs. At community level women undertake a range of activities that support innate(p) imagery management and agricultur-al development, such as soil and water supply conservation, afforestation and crop domestication.Women often have 1 FAO 2011 (see references under Further reading). unique perspectives on, as healthy as understanding of local biodiversity importance for the development of adapted and improved varieties. Also for dietary diversity women have a decisive role. Poor households headed by women often succeed in providing more nutritional food for their children than those headed by men.There is a strong correlation between a higher level of gender equality an d lower level of child mortality. pagan traditions and social structures often mean that women are more affect-ed by starve and poverty than men even though women, and in particular expectant and nursing mothers, often need special or increased intake of food. And too often, child lust is inherited a mother who is stunted or under exercising weight due to an inadequate diet often give birth to low birth weight children.The critical link between womens social status and nutrition The wide differences in womens nutrition among coun-tries that have similar income levels indicate that some-thing other than income affects womens nutrition. Re-search indicates that cultural norms or so eating and womens low social status often affect womens diets.In 2003, India and Bolivia had similar gross national in-comes, but 36 percent of Indian women were under-weight, compared with but 1 percent of Bolivian women.3 2 ADB 2013. 3 Ransom, E. Elder, L. (2003) Nutrition of Women and Adolescent Gir ls Why It Matters. Population Reference Bureau. BRIEF Women and pabulum SecurityWomen face numerous obstacles to advance successful inputs, assets to worldly concern and services required for rural livelihoods. These include access to fertilizers, livestock, mechanical equipment, improved seed varieties, exten-sion services, agricultural education and credit. Women receive for theoretical account only 5 percent of agricultural exten-sion services worldwide.As rural women often spend a large amount of their time on additional household obli-gations they have less time to spend on food production or other income opportunities. Women also have less access to markets than men which hamper their opportu-nities to earn an income even further, and thus their pos-sibilities to be able to buy food.With fewer assets and heavier burdens, women are more vulnerable to shocks and less well positioned to respond to e.g. the effectuate of temper smorgasbord or other rapid changes in the environ-ment. Social and economic inequalities between men and women result in less food macrocosm produced, less income beingness earned, and higher levels of poverty and food inse-curity.If women farmers had the same access to re-sources as men, the agricultural yield could increase by 20 to 30 percent. This could lambast total agricultural output in developing countries by 2.5 percent, which could re-duce the number of hungry people in the world by 12 to 17 percent. other emerging challenge in food security and nutri-tion that needs to be addressed is to enhance women and mens resilience to climate change e.g. by alter production as well as strengthened capacity to respond to challenges related to climate change, twist on the different needs and coping mechanisms of women, men, boys and girls.Disasters, in particular droughts, and emergency situa-tions are the most common causes of food shortages in the world (WFP). In humanitarian contexts discrimina-tion of women and girl s may be reinforced, and the oc-currence of domestic violence increase during quantify of food scarcity.Because of womens specific roles and experiences in food production and preparation, it is crucial to include them in emergency-related food securi-ty planning and decision making as authorization change agents and decision makers, rather than as the victims they often are portrayed to be. Gender dynamics inside households must be taken into account in situations of shift key when food aid and other relief items are distributed.This includes mens and 4 UNDP 2012. 5 FAO 2012. womens ability to access and equitably distribute relief items within households. humanist interventions that radically alter gender roles, for example by giving women greater control over water and food distribution, may impact power dynamics negatively and can also lead to increased gender-based violence.The four dimension of food security from a gender perspective Availability. Inequalities in ownership of, access to and control of livelihoods assets negatively affect womens food production and food security. Tenure insecurity for women results in lower investment and potential envi-ronmental degradation.It compromises future production potential and increases food insecurity and reduces womens income and the availability of food. Stability. Differences in risk and vulnerability between men and women can affect the stability of their food security in different ways. During times of crisis, women and girls are often forced to reduce their intake in (fa-vour?) of other household members.In cases of crop failure or natural disasters, cultural traditions make it easier for men to leave their farm in search for employ-ment elsewhere, leaving women behind to struggle for feeding their families and making ends meet. Utilization. Womens role in food utilization for food security is perhaps the most critical and outweighs the importance of their role in food production and how they spend t he income they earn.Women are typically re-sponsible for food preparation and thus are crucial to the dietary diversity of their households. Access. Access to food within the household is deter-mined by cultural practices and power relationships within the family. Although food may be available, adequate amounts to maintain nutritional intake may not necessari-ly be as accessible to women compared to men. Source FAO (2013) Gender and climate change research in agriculture and food security for rural development.Food security and agricultural programmes can strength-en human rights and be more rough-and-ready if they also tackle the constraints around womens access to resources. This is done through addressing the issue of unequal gender roles, responsibilities and workloads. To acknowledge womens role in food security, contributions are infallible at all levels in a variety of result areas.Entry points for Sida can be identified within the following areas Womens right to food ? As sure womens human rights including the rights to education, knowledge and employment and womens equal rights to land, water and other resources that are necessary for raising the productivity of their agricul-tural activity, food and nutrition security. uphold womens productive activities by providing trainings, credit and access to improved and appropriate applied science to reduce their work load. ? Ensure that women are empowered and trained to exercise their rights and take vigorous participation in decision-making bodies. ? Mother-and-child health and nutrition programmes can break gender barriers in childcare by including men and boys in nutrition and health education activities.Womens access to land?Contribute to the reforming of laws on tenure, land distribution, land reform and family law, including marital and inheritance laws, to become gender equal. ? Support education and capacity building for govern-ment officials, legislators, and local land officials on gender equa lity in access to land and property rights. ?Advocate the creation of mechanisms to monitor the enforcement of policies, leads and laws on womens access and rights to land. ? provoke womens access and rights to land in custom-ary law e.g. by supporting womens participation in bodies responsible for interpreting customary law. ? Support awareness-raising and access to information among women regarding land rights, including infor-mation about complaints mechanisms.Womens equal participation in labour markets ? Support government legislation that guarantees equita-ble employment conditions that protect workers in both formal and informal employment. ? travel the coverage of social protection to all catego-ries of rural workers and ensure that they incorporate womens special needs. ?Support policies and investments in labour-saving technologies and support public investments that make it easier for women to participate in the labour market. ? Intensify the provision of better-qualit y education and vocational training for women.Policy processes and frameworks ? The right to adequate food 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ? Womens specific role for rural development 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), (Article 14) ? Special attention to the gender gap in nutrition 1992The ball-shaped Plan of Action on Nutrition of the In-ternational Conference on Nutrition ? Highlight the close interlinkages between gender equality and womens empowerment 1992 the Mil-lennium maturement Goals (MDGs) ? Emphasize the specific role that women play in food security 2004The Voluntary occurlines to sup-port Member States efforts to achieve the progressive realization of the right to adequate food in the context of national food security ? Highlights full and equal participation of men and women for achieving sustainable food security 2006 World Summit on Food Security and The World Food Summit Pla n of Action (e.g. 16, 1.3) ?Gender issues in food security and nutrition 2012 The First Version of the Global Strategic Framework for Food Security and Nutrition GSF ? Womens empowerment & equality of opportunity 2012 UN Secretary General Zero hunger Challenge ? The importance of empowering rural women as critical agents 2012 Rio +20 Outcome Document ? Food insecurity indicator allowing disparities in food access based on e.g. gender 2013 FAOs Voices of the sharp-set ?Support womens engagement in producer organisa-tions, cooperatives, labour unions, outgrow schemes etc. to strengthen womens voice and decision-making power. ? Support womens groups and other forms of collective action that builds relations and networks addressing gender gaps by reducing transaction costs, pooling risks, developing skills and building confidence.Womens access to financial services ? Improve financial frames and services, e.g. loans and insurances, to respond to the needs and constraints of women prod ucers and entrepreneurs. ? Ensure that women are being consulted and included in discussions, decision-making, planning and provi-sion of financial services.Support financial institutions, governments and NGOs to offer financial literacy training to ensure that wom-en can make informed financial decisions. ? Promote technological innovations, such as prepaid cards and mobile phone plans for making loan pay-ments and transfer cash, to facilitate for women to gain access to capital.Womens access to technology ? Promote productivity enhancing agricultural tech-niques, including machines and tools, improved plant varieties and animal breeds, fertilizers, pest control measures and management techniques that address womens needs. ? Invest in labour-saving and productivity enhancing technologies and infrastructure, e.g. water sources in villages, fuel efficient stoves, and roads, to free wom-ens time for more productive activities.Promote womens training on farming adaptation techniques su ch as rainwater harvesting and agrofor-estry, and on agricultural diversification to increase their resilience. ? Promote extension services that are more gender-responsive, i.e. considering all the roles of women and are closely connect to womens activities.Support participatory gender-inclusive research and technology development programmes. Example of indicators ? Share of population (women/men) in targeted areas suffering from starvation (impact level indicator, measures effect on target group) ? Proportion of population (women/men/girls/boys) below minimum level of dietary energy consump-tion (impact level indicator, measures effect on target group) ?A monitoring system providing food-security data disaggregated by sex, geographic location (or oth-er as relevant in the specific context) in use (out-come level indicator, measures capacity development) ? Share of women and men exploitation agricultural exten-sion services (output level indicator, measures ca-pacity development) Gender mainstreaming in humanitarian assis-tance ? Collect sex-disaggregated data for planning, imple-mentation and evaluation of food aid.Ensure that women and men take part as in deci-sion-making, planning, implementation and manage-ment of food aid programmes. ? Design services to reduce womens and childrens time spent getting to, and from food distribution points. ? Ensure that womens access to services is routinely monitored through observations and discussions with affected communities.Asian Development Bank (2013) & FAO (2013) Gen-der Equality and Food Security Womens empower-ment as a tool against hunger, FAO (2013) Training Guide Gender and climate change research in agriculture and food security FAO (2012) Global Strategic Framework for Food Se-curity and Nutrition FAO (2011) The state of Food and Agriculture Wom-en in agriculture Gender in agriculture Platform for knowledge sharing Global Gender Climate Alliance and UNDP (2012) Gender, agriculture and food security IF AD, FAO WB (2009) Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook IFPRI, 2012 Global Food Policy Report, chapter 4 Closing the Gender Gap IASC (2006) Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action World Bank (2012) World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development World Food Program Causes to hunger the Zero Hunger Challenge UN Human Rights Council (2010) HRCs Advisory Committee on discrimination in the context of the right to food

Research Outline

Submitted by Group 5 Topic Mussel Shells, Crab shell and premature ventricular contraction as an alternate come and filler in concrete making Research Outline I. Problem and its background (chapter 1) A. Introduction 1. Concrete Fillers and Aggregates a. Composition of Aggregates b. Different Kinds of Filler 2. Mussel shells, Crab carapace and PVC as alternative aggregates and fillers a. Similarities of Mussel shells, Crab carapace and PVCs to other aggregates and fillers b. Advantages and disadvantages of using Mussel shells, Crab carapace and PVCs as aggregates and fillers for concretes B.Rationale of the view C. Significance of the study D. Hypothesis II. Review of Related Literature (chapter 2) A. Nature of the Subject (background) 1. Crustaceans a. Cancer Pagurus b. Scylla serrate 2. Mollusks a. Perna viridis to a greater extent commonly known as the Asian Green Mussels b. Perna canalicula more commonly known as the Green Lipped Mussels B. Related Studies 1. Characterization of Calcium Carbonate Obtained from Oyster and Mussel Shells and Incorporation in Polypropylene a. alcium carbonate in mussel and oyster shells used in the formulation of medicine, in construction or as filler in polymer materials b. calcium carbonate from mussel and oyster shells and used as filler in polypropylene compared their properties with polypropylene and commercial calcium carbonate composites. C. Info Sources III. Methodology A. Experimental Design utilise 1. Brittleness of shells induced by heating in microwave a. One hour of treatment b. 18 Shells B. 6 samples for Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVC C. MaterialsD. operation Submitted by Group 5 Submitted To Mrs. Bernardino Score Proposal Sections of Research Methodology I. Overview of research design A. Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVC abundance B. aggregates and fillers in concrete 1. Components of aggregates and fillers 2. Similar qualities of components C. Procedures in making Concrete Aggregates and Fillers D. Application of Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVCs into Aggregates and Fillers. II.Questions/ queries about the topic A. Are Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVC strong enough to hold as fillers and aggregates? B. What kind of Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVC depart be best in making fillers and aggregates? C. Will the Aggregates make out of Mussel shells, Crab Carapace and PVC be able to withstand strong force? III. Boundary Setting Procedures A. Shells, Carapaces, and PVCs 1. Shells, carapaces and PVCs to be used will be limited to the left-over components of each after the edible parts are consumed. . Shells, carapaces and PVCs to be used will not exceed six per study IV. Action Processes V. Subjects A. Crustaceans 1. Cancer Pagurus 2. Scylla serrate B. Mollusks 1. Perna viridis more commonly known as the Asian Green Mussels 2. Perna canalicula more commonly known as the Green Lipped Mussels VI. Study rigor validity, reliability/ trustworthiness, authenticity VII. Ass umptions and study limitations A. Crabs, Mussels and PVCs 1. Value for each subject 2. Accessibility to the types of subject VIII. Timetable