Women s Duration Of Criminal Crimes - 804 Words

I would respond to my friend’s comment by disagreeing with her/him while supporting my own claims. The amount of crime women commit compared to the amount of crime men commit is still less in our society (Lecture). Women’s duration of criminal offenses usually starts earlier and ends earlier (Lecture). Men on the other hand usually commit crime later and they commit crime over a longer duration of time. Women that commit crime differ in the type and seriousness of crimes they commit compared to the type and seriousness of crime committed by men (Lecture). Men and Women are also committing different crimes if they commit any at all. Men focus on serious and violent crimes, along with white-collar crime. Women in comparison seem to be focused on property crime and minor crimes, while prostitution is the crime that women beat out men in arrest rate date shown throughout module 1’s articles. To address your friend’s opinion that women are catching up to men’s level arrest you need to explain to her/him that women rates of arrest have not changed much over time. â€Å"Female rates have not been rising and there has been very little, if any, changed in the gender gap†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Schwartz, et al. 2009). Women commit crime, but usually minor crimes compared to men. While men commit more crime than women and continue to commit crime. According to the article â€Å"Looking for Patterns: Gender, Age, and Crime† states that â€Å"†¦ (1)although violent offenses make up only a small percentage of all theShow MoreRelatedThe General Strain Theory Of Social Psychology1647 Words   |  7 Pagesgreatest crime theories of social psychology with a fairly developed research body. General Strain Theory is thought to be a strong philosophy, and has gathered a lot of experimental confirmation, and has additionally extended its essential degree by offering cl arifications of wonders outside of criminal conduct. There are diverse negative relationships with strain or stress that result in negative emotions along with encouraging some coping types. The adaptively is likely to be to be when criminal strainsRead MoreRunning Head : Consequences Of Crime1077 Words   |  5 PagesHead: CONSEQUENCES OF CRIME †¨ CONSEQUENCES OF CRIME by Morgan Robinson CJA 3700-001 CONSEQUENCE OF CRIME The criminal justice system is meant to punish those who commit crimes yet when people are sentenced to serve time in either jail or prison everyone in that persons life is affected by it in some way. Women are incarcerated for the same reasons as men but the problems that they face while incarcerated are vastly different. The number of women being incarceratedRead MoreThe Impact Of Anti Immigration Laws1395 Words   |  6 Pagesfew of the negative impacts included diminished trusts between the community and police, increased in occurrence of factors that lead to criminal behaviors, reduced citizen cooperation and the negative effects on the economy. While much of society opposed the law and its parameters, there are advocates for the law. Many advocates for the law believe that criminal activity will decrease, illegal immigrants will be discouraged from migrating to the area, and the job market will increase for documentedRead MoreSexual Orientation And Female Detainees914 Words à ‚  |  4 Pagesinhabitants in female detainees in the U.S. has ascended at almost twofold the rate of guys. Since ladies detainees have truly been less, amendments approach has frequently not considered sexual orientation particular needs of female-prisoners. But today s specialists in recovery perceive that female detainees frequently have distinctive needs than male detainees. By finding out about the issues particular to ladies in prison, volunteers can react to them all the more successfully. NumerousRead MoreThe Punishment Imposed On Perpetrators1228 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"One word can aptly describe the punishment imposed on perpetrators in the first half of that century — cruel† (Curland). Crime and punishment in the 1800s was very severe and often was amusing to the public. Some techniques of punishment included branding, whipping, and ear nailing. The English-American colonies used a patriarchal method to their punishment. The men, typically civil officers, or religious leaders, made the laws. The less fortunate, including children, servants, slaves, soldiersRead MoreThe Application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Within a Prison Setting1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe current prison and criminal justice system has not proven to be helpful in rehabilitating offenders and preventing recidivism. To successfully alter this situation it is important to understand what steps and measures are available to assist those who find themselves imprisoned. The techniques used in cognitive behavioral therapy have proven to be effective in treating depression, anxiety and drug addictions among other things. Analyzing the techniques developed in cognitive behavioral theoryRead MoreCrime And Social Control Theory Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesdeviant behavior (Hagan, 2016). The textbook generalizes that social control theories â€Å"view crime as taking place when social control or bonds to society break down† (Hagan, 2016, p. 170). This is concluded by the theories of four theorists – Walter Reckless, Travis Hirschi, Michael Gottfredson, and John Hagan – who investigated and theorized different philosophies that explain the relationship between crime and social control (Hagan, 2016). Reckless’s theory of containment is one of the most prominentRead MoreEssay on The Death Penalty1543 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States many crimes are committed every day, people killing another person, raping innocent children. I strongly believe that people who committed a crime should be punished and punished harshly and those who commit harm to another person should die. The Capital Punishment is a controversial topic that affects society as a whole and causes a great deal of disagreement. Capital punishment is the government legally kills an individual as punishment for a serious crime. It is not intended toRead MoreTreatment Design For Patients With Refractory Opioid Dependence1578 Words   |  7 PagesMethadone Maintenance Therapy Introduction Illicit drug consumption is closely associated with criminal behaviour. Crimes linked with illicit drug consumption include shoplifting, property crime, drug dealing, violence and aggression and driving will be intoxicated. The associated burdens on communities take account of medical, public health, and criminal-justice costs, as well as public disorder and property crime. The initial decision to take drugs is mostly voluntary. However, when addiction takes overRead MoreThe First Global Attempt To Combat Trokosi Was Instated1699 Words   |  7 PagesAssembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women to resist and challenge gender based partisanship. Article 2 of the convention prevents public institutions and its officials from engaging in these acts, while Article 5 argues for social reform to diminish these sexist practices, like Trokosi specifically. Trokosi explicitly disregards Article 10 that allots women equal rights in education, as it prevents them from academic and scholastic opportunities

Adolescence in The Master of Disaster by Guy Vanderhagae...

Adolescence marks the turning point of an individuals life, establishing the foundation of their development. It is during this phase that individuals leave behind the comfort of childhood and enter a reality beset with new perceptions of life. There are many stages of life, each enclosing its own distinct characteristics. As evident in the short story, The Master of Disaster, written by Guy Vanderhaeghe, adolescence involves growth as an individual, both physically and emotionally. Although each phase has its own challenges and difficulties, adolescence proves to be the most difficult stage of life to overcome. Through examination of the situations in the story, it becomes apparent that adolescence involves experiencing emotional†¦show more content†¦This exemplifies only one of the many emotional obstacles adolescents are forced to overcome. They are often faced with a decision that will affect the outcome of life. In this situation, Bernie is torn between telling Kurt the truth and the fear that Norman will punish him for doing so. In the past, as a result of contradicting Normans beliefs about a movie, Bernie was subjected to being ignored by his peers, Norman put the word out and nobody did talk to me. I was shunned, given the silent treatment for a month and a half before I managed to weasel my way back into Normans good graces. (Vanderhaeghe, 58) This illustrates the power Norman has among his friends. He is seen as the leader of the group, so everyone abides to his every demand. Bernie is conscious of this, persuading him even more to keep the truth from Kurt. At this point, he is emotionally unstable. He feels obliged to tell his friend, however, he is afraid of having to face the consequences of doing so. Bernie is in a lose, lose situation. Whatever he decides to do will affect him a negative manner. He is also fearful of being honest to Kurt, in the sense that it might hurt him emotionally, I was going to tell him. Of course, I never did. Truly sweet and gentle souls never get told what the rest of us do. Kurt Meinecke was so incorrigibly

Financial Statement Analysis as an Instrument

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Statement Analysis as an Instrument. Answer Introduction An evaluation method interpreting an entitys past, current and expected performance which can be also said as future projections. The financial statements give the pictures of future projections on the basis of financial ratios and other techniques which are adopted by the users of the financial statements to ascertain the performance of the company. Users of financial statements include both internal and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders include management, as they need to make day to day decisions in performing the operations of the company. While the external stakeholders include shareholders who are often owners of the company, while the investors for instance equity and credit investors, public in general, government and those concerned about making decisions in an entity. The financial statement analysis can also be used as an instrument to predict the probability in case of bankruptcy. After analyzing the financial statements, the analysts provide reports based on, analysis eventually certifying that the financial statements are prepared and there are no hidden defects in the statements. The analysis provides you with a predictable instrument so that you are able to make financial decisions and whether there are any debt issues or the company is under severe debt. Literature Many of the companies use financial statement analysis tools (White et al., 1997) for analyzing the statements so that users have no problem in making decisions, such tools financial statements include: Fundamental Analysis This analyzes the businesss financial statements such as assets, liabilities and earnings health and its competitors and markets. Such analysis mainly focuses on the long term economic state. Such analysis mainly includes: Economic analysis Industry analysis Company analysis Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis looks particularly at both of the factors which includes qualitative (general factors) and quantitative (substantial and physical factors) aspects of the financial statements. Attractive results can be achieved by quantitative analysis whenever they used with other techniques. Usually comparisons are made using such ratios between: companies industries a single company and its industry average different time periods for one company Ratios for analyzing the financial statements include the following: Performance Gross profit margin Price/earnings ratio Profit margin Return on assets Return on equity Earnings per share Dividend payout ratio Activity Asset turnover Average collection period Inventory turnover Financing Debt Ratio Debt / Equity ratio Liquidity warnings Current ratio Acid test ratio Cash ratio Working capital These are some of the ratios to analyze the financial statement to help the users of the financial statements to make decisions which are beneficial to them based on these ratios. DuPont Analysis DuPont analysis splits Return on Equity into three definite elements. Such an analysis assists in understanding root cause higher (lower) return when comparing with companies in identical companies. In defining financial statement analysis as an instrument helping to predict the probability in case of bankruptcy, there can also be flaws as to how the company makes an accounting treatment with regards to various financial statement assertions (Taylor and Anastasia, 2015). The management can also use loopholes in the accounting to show their financial performance and position best so as to acquire more borrowing. This raises higher incomes to the investors and owners of the company. In relation to real life examples here are some of the companies that were bankrupted due to poor financial reporting and accounting loop holes which includes: Lehman Brothers In the top 10 United States collapses Lehman Brothers has been ranked as number 01. The date of their filing bankruptcy was 09/15/08 and their assets at the time of bankruptcy totaled to USD 691 billion (Tkaczyk and reporter, 2001). A financial services firms leveraging of borrowed money caused the biggest bankruptcy in US history in 2008, and the company fizzled out of existence in a rapid decline that it enhanced the economic devastation on the ongoing crises. New emerged that executives increased their pay just before bankruptcy and accounts had been altered to hide the Banks poor financial position. This case stands as the perfect example of the culture of excess causing worldwide suffering for billions of people (WatchMojo.com, 2016). Even before the financial crises Lehman Brotherswas already in a seat of going easy with its accounting which had placed investment banker in an acute stress to guarantee its investors. It was done by usage of a practice known as Repo 105, a type of repurchase agreement (or "repo" deal) which for the time being removes securities in the balance sheet and showing it as a security sale by Lehman (Monitor and Trumbull, 2010). The main reason of such collapse is they did not reveal the significant usage of medium relating to accounting and lowering the leverage for the time being simultaneously that it showed a positive picture to investors as low leverage numbers, thus establishing deceiving portrait regarding the truth of Financial health of the entity. (Anton R valukas, Exminer) World Call The World Call has been ranked at number 3. The date of their filing bankruptcy was 07/21/02 and their assets at the time of bankruptcy totaled to USD 103.9 billion (Tkaczyk and reporter, 2001). This telecommunication corporation held the record for the biggest bankruptcy in 2002 before the Lehman brothers collapse took its unwanted title six years later. Throughout the early 2000s the company was utilizing a complex scheme of adjusting its books to hide the considerable losses. By 2003 it spot that its total assets have been fraudulently inflated by USD 11 billion (WatchMojo.com, 2016). Enron Similarly Enron has been ranked at number 6. The date of their filing bankruptcy was 12/02/01 and their assets at the time of bankruptcy totaled to USD 65.5 billion (Tkaczyk and reporter, 2001). In a space concerning a month or so this energy giant went from being one of the biggest companies in the world to bankrupt. Main instances of the scandal were the failures of accounting firm Arthur Anderson LLP which neglected to report Enrons crime and led to firms own dissolution. Enron's results for 1998, 1999, and 2000 suggest some interesting comparisons. The firm's revenues increased by $10 billion from 1998 to 1999, and by $60 billion (to $100 billion) from 1999 to 2000 (Bratton 2002). The share scale of Enrons fraudulent activity is difficult to comprehend as it allowed the business to pretend it was running on USD 100 billion in revenues through the use of loop holes and the poor financial reporting and more to conceal its massive debt. Many critics thought that for an energy company to be so reckless was particularly and those involved deserved their harsh sentences (WatchMojo.com, 2016). Conclusion After reviewing the above scenario it can be established that even though there are some loopholes in the accounting system, proper accounting tools should be applied so that the information is definitely clear. The experts should relate the above matter in relation to the frauds the companies are making by using such loopholes and making things visible clearer for the users of the financial statements. Even though financial statement analysis provides variety of information used in identifying potential problems, there are several problems which need to be addressed such as Operational information is not taken into account by the analysts who should reconsider as it may provide some general performance predictors for the future such as warranty claims, orders being backlogged and many more. Another big issue for the analysts is the comparison between companies, using ratio analysis to compare the picture of two different entities might not bring out expected results as the entity might pile up the required information differently in drawing their respective financial statements might result an incorrect outcome about an entity as opposed to other entities in the same industry. By applying appropriate measures and attention to the individual particulars, so that their effects on such particulars are well formed and analyses of financial statements are therefore adjusted. References Bratton, W. W. (May 2002). "Enron and the Dark Side of Shareholder Value" Monitor, T.C.S. and Trumbull, M. (2010) Lehman Bros. Used accounting trick amid financial crisis and earlier.Available at: https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0312/Lehman-Bros.-used-accounting-trick-amid-financial-crisis-and-earlier. Tkaczyk, C. reporter (2009)The 10 largest U.S. Bankruptcies Available at:https://archive.fortune.com/galleries/2009/fortune/0905/gallery.largest_bankruptcies.fortune/ Taylor, S.J. and Anastasia (2015) Business,Business, 14 September. Available at: https://www.cleverism.com/financial-statement-analysis-introduction WatchMojo.com (2016) Top 10 corporate scandals. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QepKsfmfSo White, G.I.; Sondhi, A.C.; Fried, D. and Fried, H.D. (1997). The Analysis and Use of Financial Statetments.2nd edn. NewYork, John Wiley Sons, Inc.ISBN0-471-11186-4.

The formation of the sony corporation Essay Example For Students

The formation of the sony corporation Essay Sony Corporation was formed in May 1946 and was involved in the research and production of telecommunication and industry equipment. It was so known as Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation. The name was changed to Sony in January 1958 and was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in December 1958 Sony was a prima manufacturer of consumer electronic merchandises for both consumer and professional markets in the early 1990s. This was likely due to the fact that the environment was rich, simple and stable. There were comparatively few rivals who could fit the technological art of Sony and as such, the corporation dominated both its place market and the planetary market with easiness. We will write a custom essay on The formation of the sony corporation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, major alterations occurred during the ulterior parts of the 1990s and Sony was forced to alter its construction. This was because the environment changed to a complex dynamic 1 as a consequence of increased competition and Sony s inability to keep well good net incomes. This informed the decisive determination by senior direction, to alter the construction of Sony Corporation in 1999 in order to better and keep market standing. Outline1 Sony Structure in 19992 Sony construction in 20033 Decision4 Recommendation Sony Structure in 1999 In order to to the full understand the construction of Sony Corporation, it is necessary to take into consideration the eventuality factors and design parametric quantities that might hold influenced the structural constellation. The age of Sony Corporation of over 60 old ages coupled with its big size ( as it is a transnational administration ) suggests that behavior is formalised in the administration. In add-on to this, the Nipponese civilization suggests high power demands of the top directors which creates the being of comparative sum of centralization. The analysis of the environment as at 1999, point to the fact that the environment was comparatively simple ( as it was still a prima consumer electronics maker ) and, non really dynamic though there were indicants of tough competition in the market. This instability nevertheless, resulted in less centralization and possibly, less formalization in the administration. Sony Corporation was involved in the industry of diversified merchandises which had different markets. This emphasized the demand to segregate the divisions into web companies harmonizing to market diverseness ( i.e. electronics, amusement and insurance and finance ) . Each division exerts considerable control over operating maps needed to function these markets. This signifier of construction led to the exercising of perpendicular decentralization from the caput office. Decentralization is nevertheless, non absolute as it is assumed that the caput office still exercises considerable power over some activities such as heavy capital investing, research and development, capital constructions etc. Furthermore, the administration placed much accent on standardization of end products. This is exemplified in the fact that during the company s fiftieth day of remembrance, the words, unique , quality , speed and cost were coined into the directions doctrine. Therefore, quality is of imp ort to the administration which might explicate its strong trade name image.. The above characteristics and the efficient division of organizational engineering among the assorted divisions which is shown by the transportation of needed support maps and research and development research labs to each web company strongly back up the Mintzberg divisionalised bureaucratism construction. It is of import to observe nevertheless that the company does non to the full fit in with divisionalised bureaucratism as one of the features of divisionalised bureaucratism is that it works good in an environment that is non really complex or really dynamic but the entry and being of new markets and more advanced merchandises point to the fact that the environment is fast moving towards going complex and dynamic. A farther analysis utilizing the Burns and Stalker, mechanistic and organic systems suggest that Sony Corporation exhibited a loanblend of both systems although it had more characteristics of mechanistic system. This is supported by the fact that the administration was considered to be runing in a comparatively simple dynamic environment as a consequence of its market laterality from past successes. Therefore, alteration during this period was comparatively gradual ( although higher when compared with old old ages ) . In add-on to this, staff trueness was well high as a consequence of the proviso of womb-to-tomb employment. Organic system is exemplified in the demand for uninterrupted advanced merchandises. .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b , .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b .postImageUrl , .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b , .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b:hover , .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b:visited , .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b:active { border:0!important; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b:active , .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8561b39d97318844b96e78e3d5a6e5b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ethics In Management EssayThe organizational civilization in Sony Corporation as at 1999, is consistent with Handy s power civilization. Power was concentrated at the top which is in line with the paternalistic manner of Nipponese civilization where much regard is accorded to seniors and male parent figures in the administration. Most of the executive board members were long functioning employees of the corporation who were good past retirement age but still exerted considerable influence over determination doing procedure in the administration. A outstanding illustration is the Idei s predecessor, Ohga, who second guessed most of Idei s determinations and tried to act upo n them to accommodate his ain coveted results. ( Schlender 2005 ) Sony construction in 2003 However, despite the restructuring in 1999, the net incomes of Sony Corporation continued to fall aggressively and investors began to lose assurance in the company. Therefore, in 2003, Sony still under the leading of Idei, launched a three twelvemonth, 2nd stage of restructuring, termed Transformation 60 . This program aimed to procuring an operating net income border of at least 10 % by the terminal of 2006 and besides corrected some of the anomalousnesss in the former construction. The corporation was hence restructured in order to procure net income and accomplish success in market laterality. Sony concentrated resources in nucleus concerns and optimized fabrication substructure and resourcing fixed costs. Sony wanted to accomplish the success by concentrating resources and consolidating fixed costs. Therefore, Sony began the convergence of concerns, including electronic concern, amusement concern and fiscal concern. However, by the terminal of 2004, it became clear that theexpectation of Transformation 60 was non traveling to be realized. Sony was losing borders and confronting much force per unit area from the investors. Due to the turning discontent within Sony and the investor community, Idei handed over the reins to Stringer ( who had successfully managed the Sony US Corporation ) in March 2005, trusting he could reconstruct the company back to its place of market laterality. A few alterations occurred after 2003 but Sony Corporation was still structured harmonizing to the divisionalised bureaucratism constellation. Evidence back uping this includes the fact that the web companies were still divided harmonizing to market diverseness and more decentalisation as a consequence of the complex and dynamic environment. However, harmonizing to the Burns and Stalker theoretical account, it became mostly organic as a consequence of the demand to do fast alterations in invention. In add-on to this, trueness shifted to project and group as employees were held responsible for failures therefore taking to increase in occupation duty and decrease in occupation security as unproductive employees were laid away. Changes were made to the structural constellation in order to accomplish better public presentation and success. A outstanding alteration was the expiration of womb-to-tomb employment ( a characteristic of Nipponese civilization ) through work force keeping and retirement offers in order to cut down runing disbursals. The mandatory retirement of old employees such as Ohga, resulted in a power displacement from top directors to the CEO ( Stringer ) in 2005. Thus centralization became more prevailing as power changed custodies. Administrative alterations include restructuring of occupation places through the scrapping of the Nipponese enlisting system which was people oriented as people were employed based on what fits best for the company . A authoritative illustration is the former CEO, Idei who was an applied scientist with comparatively small direction capablenesss when compared to other directors in the western universe, at the helm of personal businesss. This was replaced by a system of happening the best qualified individual for a specific occupation. This was achieved through the assignment of Stringer as CEO ( a proven director ) and the reshuffle of the board members and occupation places Having examined the re-structuring which occurred in 1999 and 2003, it seems prudent to analyze the jobs faced by Sony Corporation in order to supply sensible accounts for their failures. A few of them are briefly discussed below .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff , .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff .postImageUrl , .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff , .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff:hover , .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff:visited , .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff:active { border:0!important; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff:active , .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u83de95acef0ea1a20bd5fdaa6c8f91ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tattoo or not to Tattoo EssayIncreased competition: The entry of new industries and markets with more advanced and market friendly merchandises like the Apple s iPod and Nintendo s Wii. The corporation responded by fabricating more advanced merchandises but this, unluckily did non run into most consumer demands. A good illustration is the industry of LCD telecastings as against the more popular Bravia theoretical accounts by its rivals. Nipponese Culture: The senior status based publicity and womb-to-tomb employment strategy which are characteristics of Nipponese civilization are considered to be indispensable jobs. Most of the top places are based on age attainment i.e. employees have to make a certain age before progressing to a peculiar place. In add-on to this, operating costs rise due to the fact that during enlargement, the company finds vague places for these people and still pay them for making practically nil because of the womb-to-tomb employment strategy. Furthermore, these people exert considerable influence on determination devising procedure e.g. the former CEO, Ohga. All of this combined bound motive on the portion of the younger folks and therefore the growing of the administration The direction responded by inquiring non-executive managers to step down and the board was reshuffled to give more duty to the younger people like Yoshioka, Hirai, Suzuki and Ishida ( Siklos 2009 ) Falling income: the net incomes fell aggressively as a consequence of inability to get by with market demands, high operating costs ( as a consequence of heavy investing in research and development ) and cost control issues in production. Cost film editing exercisings were embarked upon to cover with this job through work force decrease, the convergence of operating divisions and the decrease in costs of fabrication parts. Excessively much assortment: Sony Corporation was involved in the industry of changing merchandises such as electronics, films, personal computing machines, nomadic telecommunications, some of which were non executing good. The response to this job was the segregation of activities into three chief divisions ( i.e. amusement, electronics and insurance and finance ) . Decision We have examined the subtle but relevant transmutations which occurred in the structural constellation and of import contingent variables in Sony Corporation over the last decennary. The organisation civilization and national civilization were identified to be the majority of the jobs with the organisation. Although the result of the restructuring has non reached desired marks, the corporation, under the leading of Sir Howard Stringer, has become slightly more successful in comparing with his predecessors as invention has increased at a faster gait ( an illustration is the predicted industry of a Google Television ) which has led to comparatively better net incomes over the old ages. It would nevertheless be interesting to see if he can wholly interrupt away from the militating elements in its structural design and plan them towards suiting in with the dynamic environment. Recommendation The importance of research and invention can non be overemphasized in a quickly altering digital universe. An illustration is the production of the iPod by Apple. Therefore, it is imperative to prosecute in the production of fast and seasonably advanced merchandises in order to forestall the re happening of a similar state of affairs of when Samsung s HD DVD dealt a blow on Sony s Blu-ray engineering merely five yearss after release into the market ( Edwards, et al 2005 ) Engage in comprehensive market research to cognize the existent penchants of consumers. An illustration is the production of LCD telecastings as against Bravia telecastings which was the popular pick. Develop less complex package to suit into the international market and non merely the place market, Japan. Increased co-operation among divisions and employees in the company through the creative activity of sidelong linkages. It is good for budgetary control and puting operational marks. Co-operation with other industries which might take to cut down production cost. For illustration, the cooperation between Samsung and apple led to the creative activity of the iPod Nano. It should nevertheless be noted that this to jobs of struggle of involvement in proprietary rights of merchandises ( Edwards, et al 2005 )

The 55 AP Language and Composition Terms You Must Know

The 55 AP Language and Composition Terms You Must Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the competencies you need to develop for AP Language and Composition is a thorough understanding of rhetorical strategies and techniques. This is because you will both be expected to identify these strategies and techniques in the writing of others and to use them in your own writing. But given the huge number of rhetorical terms there are, how do you know which ones you need to know and understand? Do you need to know what anaphora is? What about synecdoche? In this article I'll provide two lists: one of essential key AP Language and Composition terms to know for the exam, and one list of useful bonus words that will serve you well on the exam. Then I'll advise how to learn and use these terms for AP success! Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Essential AP Language and Composition Terms The following list of 37 terms, based on consulting both the AP English Language and Composition Course and Exam Description and free-response material from past years, provides an important overview of the major AP Lang rhetorical devices and techniques you need to know. With all of this AP Language and Composition vocabulary at your disposal, you'll be a top-notch rhetorical analyst in no time! Each entry has a definition and example or further explanation. Don't be intimidated by the size of this list- many of these are terms you are probably already familiar with! Essential Rhetorical Analysis Terms Terms Definition Example/Explanation Analogy Explaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple. "An amateur playing in a professional game is like an ibex stepping into a lion's den." Argument The combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position. Too comprehensive a concept for a single example! In effective rhetoric, every phrase serves to further build the argument. Aristotelian appeals Three different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them- ethos, logos, and pathos. See ethos, logos and pathos. Attitude The writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand. Difficult to convey in a short example, but something like "the deplorable state of this school" would convey that the author has a negative attitude towards the school. Audience Who the author is directing his or her message towards When you create a resume, your audience is potential employers. Compare and contrast Discussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose. â€Å"Hybrid cars have a much smaller carbon footprint than traditional midsize vehicles.† Connotation The implied meaning of a word; words can broadly have positive, negative, or neutral connotations. conscientious = positive connotation fussy = negative connotation Context The extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered. If I am delivering a congratulatory speech to awards recipients, the immediate context might be the awards presentation ceremony; the broader context might be the purpose or significance of the awards themselves. Counterargument The argument(s) against the author's position. If I want to eliminate the dress code, a counterargument might be that this will place a burden on students of a lower socioeconomic status, who must now afford an entire school wardrobe or risk unwanted attention. Deductive reasoning A form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case. If all planets orbit a star, and Theta II is a planet, then it must orbit a star. Denotation The literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word. The denotation of "chair" is "a place to sit." Diction The style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation. You might say "What's up, loser?" to your little brother, but you would probably say "How are you doing today?" to your principal. Ethos Setting up a source as credible and trustworthy. "Given my PhD in the subject and years of experience in the field" is an appeal to ethos. Evidence The information presented meant to persuade the audience of the author's position. If I were arguing that Anne is a good student, I might reference her straight-A report card and her 1500 SAT score as pieces of evidence. Figurative language The use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc. "The sky's like a jewel box tonight!" Genre The specific type of work being presented. Broader categories include "novel" and "play," while more specific genres would be things like "personal essay" or "haiku." Imagery Any descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language. "The water was a pearl-studded sea of azure tipped with turquoise." Implication When something is suggested without being concretely stated. "Watch your wallet around Paul," implies that Paul is a thief without coming out and saying "Paul is a thief." Inductive reasoning Making a generalization based on specific evidence at hand. All of the planets in this solar system orbit a star, so all planets probably orbit stars. Irony At the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended. "I do so hope there are more papers to sign," is something that might be said ironically. Juxtaposition Placing two very different things together for effect. "There they stood together, the beggars and the lords, the princesses and the washerwoman, all crowding into the square." Logos Appealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic. Citing peer-reviewed scientific studies is an appeal to logos. Occasion The reason or moment for writing or speaking. When giving a graduation speech, the occasion is graduation. Organization How the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech. Think about the outlines you write in preparation for drafting an argumentative essay and you'll have an idea of what organization is. Pathos An Aristotelian appeal. Involves appealing to someone's emotions. Animal shelters ads with pictures of cute sad animals and dramatic music are using pathos. Purpose The author's persuasive intention. If you are trying to convince your mother you should get a dog, your purpose in addressing an essay on the subject to her would be to convince her that you should get a dog. Repetition Re-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis. "We run, and we run, and we run, like rats on a wheel." Rhetoric The use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience. Almost everything is an example of rhetoric! Rhetorical triangle The relationship between the author, the audience, the text/message, and the context. The author communicates to the reader via the text; and the reader and text are surrounded by context. Speaker The persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message; may or may not actually be the same person as the author. Similar to the difference between author and narrator in a work of fiction. Style The author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece; similar to voice. We might say the Taylor Swift's songwriting style is straightforward and emotive. Symbolism Using a symbol to refer to an idea or concept. "Fire" is commonly used a symbol for passion and/or anger. Syntax The way sentences are grammatically constructed. "She likes pie," is syntactically simple. On the other hand, "As it so happened, when Barbara got out of class early she liked to have a piece of pie- key lime or pecan, always- at the corner diner; while she was there she watched the people passing by the window and imagined herself inside each of their lives, riding in their heads for moments and moments until the afternoon was whiled away and she'd become fifty people," is syntactically complicated. Synthesis Combining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point. A typical research paper involves synthesizing sources to make a broader point about the topic. Themes Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work. Some themes you will probably hear in your high school graduation speech include leaving behind a legacy, moving into the great unknown, becoming an adult, and changing the world. Tone The use of stylistic devices to reveal an author's attitude toward a subject. Only a narrow distinction from attitude. The phrase "the deplorable state of this school" reveals a negative attitude, but the word choice of "deplorable" is part of the author's tone. Voice An author's unique sound. Similar to style. Think of the way that you can recognize a pop singer on the radio without hearing who it is first. Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Let your voice be heard! Bonus AP Language and Composition Terms Here are 18 bonus AP Language vocabulary terms that, while not absolutely essential to your success on the exam, will be very helpful. They identify some common but obscurely named rhetorical techniques and some additional rhetorical and argumentative strategies. These terms also each have a definition and an example or explanation. Bonus Rhetorical Terms Terms Definition Example/Explanation Alliteration Using words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence. "She purchased the pretty purple parka." Allusion Making a brief reference to the cultural canon- e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc. "Like Eve in the Garden of Eden, George was not good at resisting temptation." Anecdote Offering a brief narrative episode. This device can serve many functions in a text- for example, introducing an issue, serving as evidence, to illustrate a point, and so on. "When I went to buy my morning coffee, I ran into an old friend. He told me he had won the lottery and he was about to buy a yacht. Two months later I heard he had declared bankruptcy." Concession Agreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument). â€Å"While I admit that hybrid cars have higher carbon production costs than conventional automobiles, this is dramatically offset by the much-smaller lifetime carbon footprint of the vehicles.† Didactic A text with an instructive purpose, often moral. Aesop's fables are an example of a didactic work. Euphemism Referring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly "She let Bob go," is a euphemism for "she fired Bob." Exemplification Providing examples in service of a point. â€Å"The Town Beautification Funds are being sorely misused; the streets are full of litter, the parks are full of broken equipment, and City Hall's facade is drab and crumbling.† Hyperbole Overstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect. "My backpack weighs tons!" Idiom A commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning. "This costs an arm and a leg!" is an idiom which means "This is very expensive." Onomatopoeia Using "sound-effect" words (e.g. "clap," "buzz). "We heard an ominous hiss from the kitchen." Paradox A phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself (but the contradiction itself may have its own meaning). Paradoxical phrases include "dark angel," "fresh rot," "blissful hell," etc. Parallelism Repeated structural elements in a sentence. "We went to sea; we went to war; we went to bed." Parody Using the form of something to mimic and make fun of it. Weird Al is the master of the musical parody genre. Personification Giving human characteristics to a nonhuman object or idea. "The sun was shining happily today." Sarcasm Mockingly stating the opposite of what you mean. Easier to convey in the spoken word than via writing. "Did you come up with that all by yourself?" might be delivered sarcastically after someone delivers a poorly-thought out idea. Satire A genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society. Stephen Colbert is a popular modern satirist. Synecdoche Referring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole. "Ask for her hand" is a synecdoche for marriage; the "hand" stands in for the whole woman. Understatement Deliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect. "My mom's a little bit irritated I crashed the car- I'm grounded for the next twenty-four months." The Angry Storm: a story of personification. How to Learn and Use AP Language Terms You might be tempted to bust out some flashcards, do some aggressive memorization, and call yourself finished. However, that's really only the first step of the three-step process of actually learning AP Lang terms. Step 1: Learn Rhetorical Terms As you initially try to familiarize yourself with these terms and what they mean, it's fine to make flashcards. You could use the term on one side and the definition on the other, or the definition and the example from the chart on one side and the term on the other- whatever's easier for you. You could make physical flashcards if you like to learn things with a tactile element involved, but for the sake of convenience you might consider making online flashcards at a site like Quizlet, where a free account lets you make and save flash cards and then quiz yourself with a variety of games and strategies. When you know the terms and their definitions inside and out, you're ready to move on to the next step. Step 2: Identify Rhetorical Strategies and Devices Next, you need to work on identifying rhetorical strategies and devices in actual written works. Make an effort when you read to seek out examples of the different rhetorical techniques at work. And think about the larger context of the piece: what's the author's purpose in writing this piece? Is the speaker the same as the author? What genre is it? What devices are being used repeatedly? You might try jotting down your thoughts about how pieces you read are using rhetorical devices. When you feel you can consistently identify these strategies at work in the writing of others, it's time to try your hand at using them yourself. Step 3: Deploy Rhetorical Strategies and Devices Once you feel you have a handle on identifying a given device/concept in other pieces, it's time to think about using it in your own writing. Consider your own purpose and argument when you write. Think about audience. Deploy hyperbole and irony. See what works and what doesn't. Trying to apply the terms will help you learn the concepts much better than simple memorization. Deploy rhetorical parachutes! Final Thoughts: AP Language and Composition Terms There are so many rhetorical terms that it can be hard to determine which ones you need to know for AP Language and Composition! This list gives you an overview of all the essential AP English Language and Composition vocabulary. When you're trying to learn these concepts, it's better to try to apply them- by seeing how other authors use them and using them in your own writing- than to just memorize the terms and their definitions. The important thing is to understand the concepts, not just know the terms! What's Next? If you're also taking AP Literature, see our ultimate guide to the AP English Literature test and our AP Literature Reading List. Make sure to also refresh your understanding of point-of-view in literature with this primer and take a spin through our list of the literary elements you'll find in every story. Studying poetry in a(n) English/Literature/Language Arts class? Whether you're reading "Do not go gentle into that good night" by Dylan Thomas or a Shakespearean sonnet, you're going to want to make sure you know important poetic devices and terms like assonance and iambic pentameter, just to name a few. We can help if you're not sure how to study for AP exams. Looking for practice tests? See our complete lists for AP Human Geography, AP Literature, AP US History, AP Chemistry, AP Biology,AP Psychology, and AP World History. Or see our guide to finding the best AP practice tests for any exam. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

7 Sentences Energized by Elegant Variation

7 Sentences Energized by Elegant Variation 7 Sentences Energized by Elegant Variation 7 Sentences Energized by Elegant Variation By Mark Nichol In one of the most recent tugs-of-war between qualitative practice and quantitative practicality, search engine optimization has been eroding the exalted status of time-honored elegant variation, the convention of avoiding wearying repetition of words throughout a sentence or a passage. One of the principles of SEO, the suite of strategies for shaping online content to enhance its searchability, is that keywords, when repeated, strengthen the likelihood that a search will call up a particular piece of content. But let’s not allow that admittedly valid goal to be so scrupulously employed as to deaden the language. Here are some repetition-riddled sentences followed by elegant fixes: 1. â€Å"Finding a job at 55 is much harder than finding a job in your 40s.† Sentences like this aren’t wrong; they’re just a bit flat, and it doesn’t take much to pep them up a bit: â€Å"Finding a job at 55 is much harder than landing one in your 40s.† 2. â€Å"There’s a preponderance of knowledge workers working as contract workers.† Save some work with synonyms: â€Å"There’s a preponderance of knowledge workers employed as contractors.† 3. â€Å"The company is launching a new shelter magazine aimed at women in their 30s, while American Media is developing a shelter magazine for women in their 20s and 30s.† Two pairs of duplicate usage spiff up this sentence: â€Å"The company is launching a new shelter magazine aimed at thirtysomething women, while American Media is developing a home-themed title for those in their 20s and 30s.† 4. â€Å"New Jersey’s cops stopped doing consent searches, in which a cop asks a driver for permission to search the driver’s vehicle.† That sentence sports a tired trifecta. Not only is repetition of cop a cop-out, but it doesn’t take much effort to search for another word for search and summon the drive to replace a repeat of drive: â€Å"New Jersey’s cops stopped doing consent searches, in which a police officer asks a driver for permission to look around in the motorist’s vehicle.† 5. â€Å"He said he was afraid to listen to President Bush’s speech because he was â€Å"afraid Bush would announce he was going to repeal the Fourteenth Amendment.† I’m afraid that the reappearance of afraid is diminished by its previous use: â€Å"He said he was reluctant to listen to President Bush’s speech because he was â€Å"afraid Bush would announce he was going to repeal the Fourteenth Amendment.† 6. â€Å"Administrators requested waivers for regular students, special-education students, adult students, and students in continuation schools.† Send this writer back to school to come up with some other words for students: â€Å"Administrators requested waivers for regular students, special-education pupils, adult learners, and kids in continuation schools. 7. â€Å"When Brubeck chauffeured Milhaud, who didn’t drive, to the 1947 premiere, the composer drove the young musician to, as he said, ‘be true to your instincts’ and ‘sound like who you really are.’† Oh, my. The writer deftly employed chauffeured to achieve elegant variation in the literal sense of operating a car but then crashed farther down the road. Using two meanings of the same word (or even separate tense inflections) is a collision of comprehension: â€Å"When Brubeck chauffeured Milhaud, who didn’t drive, to the 1947 premiere, the composer pushed the young musician to, as he said, ‘be true to your instincts’ and ‘sound like who you really are.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs EnquirePrecedent vs. PrecedencePunctuation Is Powerful

Theories of Justice and Equality by Michael Walzer Essay

Theories of Justice and Equality by Michael Walzer - Essay Example Thus, Citizen X may be chosen over citizen Y for political office, and then the two of them will be unequal in the sphere of politics. But they will not be unequal generally so along as X's offices give him no advantage over Y in any other spheres-superior medical care, access to better schools for his children, entrepreneurial opportunities and so on"(as cited in Hooghe, 1999, p.211). The absence of X's advantage over Y is called a "blocked exchange" which in practice maintains boundaries between social institutions and practices. Inequities in one area are acceptable but cumulative and overlapping inequalities are not permissible. An accumulation of these inequalities can be the result of two different processes: The influential position within one sphere can be used to gain access to a similar position in a different sphere. The notion of complex equality is aimed mainly at eradicating the possibility of this kind of exchange. Power positions within two (or more) different spheres originate from a single common cause. This would imply that Citizen X has one single characteristic, which makes him excel both in literatures, as in politics and in economic entrepreneurship. The theory of complex equality does not explicitly address this as possible cause of cumulative inequalities (Hooghe, 1999, p.211). In summary, Walzer's complex of equality i... The notion of "overall equality" should not be taken literally for; a.) a higher ranking official cannot be offset against a lower ranking in another sphere and b.) in reality, it will be possible to find individuals who consistently outrank others across important spheres so that they are overall better off than the others. Theoretically, if spheres are independent of each other (and the variables that determine rankings in different spheres do not co-vary), it is mathematically or statistically plausible that inequalities would cancel each other out, if these can be reduced to a common denominator or metric. In contrast, under simple equality, the variables determining rankings in different spheres will more often than not correlate significantly, so that even, theoretically, overall equality will not prevail. It should also be noted that Walzer does not rule out the possibility of a particular individual becoming dominant in all spheres and thus, that overall inequality will triumph over complex equality but he believes that as long as the boundaries between spheres are policed efficiently, this is highly unlikely (Van Wyk, 2005, p292). Prof. Walzer thinks that domination is not derived from dominant human beings but it is mediated by a set of social goods. He claims that "we have to understand and control social goods; we do not have to stretch or shrink human beings" (Walzer, 1983, xiii). So, instead of reducing distributive justice to some simple principle of egalitarian form, Walzer openly acknowledges the plurality of principles of justice and seeks to make this very pluralism the basis of equality (Miller & Walzer, 1995). References David, M., & Walzer, M. (1992). Pluralism, Justice and Equality. New York: Oxford University Press